Corneal functional optical zone under monocular and binocular assessment

Background In this retrospective randomized case series, we compared bilateral symmetry between OD and OS eyes, intercorneal differences and Functional Optical Zone (FOZ) of the corneal aberrations. Methods Sixty-seven normal subjects (with no ocular pathology) who never had any ocular surgery were bilaterally evaluated at Augenzentrum Recklinghausen (Germany). In all cases, standard examinations and corneal wavefront topography (OPTIKON Scout) were performed. The OD/OS bilateral symmetry was evaluated for corneal wavefront aberrations, and FOZ-values were evaluated from the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of High-Order Wavefront-Aberration (HOWAb). Moreover, correlations of FOZ, spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism power, and cardinal and oblique astigmatism for binocular vs. monocular, and binocular vs. intercorneal differences were analyzed. Results Mean FOZ was 6.56 ± 1.13 mm monocularly, 6.97 ± 1.34 mm binocularly, and 7.64 ± 1.30 mm intercorneal difference, with all strongly positively correlated, showing that the diameter of glare-free vision is larger in binocular than monocular conditions. Mean SE was 0.78 ± 1.30 D, and the mean astigmatism power (magnitude) was 0.46 ± 0.52 D binocularly. The corresponding monocular values for these metrics were 0.78 ± 1.30 D and 0.53 ± 0.53 D respectively. SE, astigmatism magnitude, cardinal astigmatism component, and FOZ showed a strong correlation and even symmetry; and oblique astigmatism component showed odd symmetry indicating Enantiomorphism between the left and right eye. Conclusions These results confirm OD-vs.-OS bilateral symmetry (which influences binocular summation) of HOWAb, FOZ, defocus, astigmatism power, and cardinal and oblique astigmatism. Binocular Functional Optical Zone calculated from corneal wavefront aberrations can be used to optimize refractive surgery design.